Pre IPO Offering - Bunker Buoy Venture Capital

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Kaolin Overview

A platy white clay derived from the mineral Kaolinite formed by hyrdothermal weathering of igneous rock such as granite
A common mineral, however, rarely occurs in large high-grade and low inpurity deposits
Current application industries include paper and packaging, ceramics, paints and coatings, fibreglass, plastics, rubber, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture
Future applications include:
- Feedstock for a high purity alumina (“HPA”) – a critical mineral used in EV batteries and LED screens
- Metakaolin - a substitute mineral for use in cement and concrete able to reduce associated CO2 emissions by up to 40%

“Recent studies also indicate lithium can potentially be found in or adjacent to kaolinite deposits”

The main raw material of metakaolin is kaolin
In 2015 the market size for kaolin and metakaolin exceeded US$4.5billion and US$100million respectively
By 2024, the compound annual growth rate is expected to be 4.5% driven by existing end markets such as ceramics, coatings, paper, construction etc
The potential value of the nascent HPA and decarbonisation applications of kaolin and metakaolin have not be factored into the above assumptions

Source: IBL Research Analysis

Source: Adia Pacific Metakaolin Market Research Report 2021 - 2027

Different from other supplementary cementing materials such as fly ash, slag or silica fume because it is not a by-product of industrial processes
It is manufactured for specific purposes under controlled conditions ensuring consistency of materials and its performance
Metakolin can be widely used in ceramics, construction, refactory materials, casting, frit, glass fiber, glass wall, ceramic fiber, adhesives, plastic, rubber, etc
In concrete, metakaolin provides improved performance in the form of decreased permeability, improved strength and durability, and reduced shrinkage as well as reduce CO2 emissions.
In cement production, it can be used to dramatically reduce the amount of clinker required and associated emissions by up to 40%

HPA is a critical mineral required in EV batteries – it acts as a separator between the cathode and anode
In March 2022, HPA was added to Australia’s critical mineral list
HPA can now be commercially produced from kaolin

Kaolin deposits can also potentially host lithium as in the UK’s St Austell deposit